中国卫生部与美国卫生与公众服务部共同支持的“中美创建无烟工作场所伙伴项目”于2012年9月7日在北京正式启动。9月27日，卫生部副部长黄洁夫和美国卫生与公众服务部副部长高京柱在《环球时报》与环球网联合发表署名文章《降低烟草危害，中美创建无烟工作场所伙伴项目》。中英文全文如下：

降低烟草危害 中美创建无烟工作场所伙伴项目

    作者：黄洁夫/高京柱

　　黄洁夫：中国卫生部副部长

　　高京柱：美国卫生与公众服务部副部长

　　中美创建无烟工作场所伙伴项目于2012年9月7日在北京启动了。这一公立-私立伙伴关系是中美两国在控烟领域的一个新合作，目的主要是将中国无烟工作场所的范围进一步扩大。项目也是展示中美两国在承诺实现联合国非传染性疾病高级别会议众多目标方面迈出的重要一步。在联合国那次会议上，确认了很多非传染性疾病都是因为烟草使用导致的，它已经成为全球卫生的一个主要挑战。

烟草使用是中美两国主要的可预防致死和致病因素，全球每年有600万人因此死亡，其中60万死于二手烟暴露。美国每年约有44.3万人死于烟草相关疾病（包括二手烟暴露）。中国每年有超过100万人死于吸烟相关疾病，其中约有10万人死于二手烟危害。

中国近几年在烟草控制方面取得了重大进展。不久前，中国卫生部发布了《中国吸烟危害健康报告》，得到了世界卫生组织的高度赞扬。这一具有里程碑意义的报告阐述了目前中国烟草控制形势的严峻性：每年有超过100万人死于吸烟相关疾病。今年早些时候，比尔和梅林达•盖茨基金会和中国百度公司共同发起了“被吸烟，我不干”活动，中国每年约有10万人死于二手烟危害的事实再次引起了广泛关注。

　　为减少烟草使用的巨大危害，我们两国均在加强烟草控制方面采取了相应措施。中国于2003年加入世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC）。2006年1月该公约在中国正式生效。从那时起，中国国内开展了一系列健康教育活动，根据公约要求修订了相关法规。2009年，中国卫生部同其他三个政府机构合作，共同发起了创建无烟医疗卫生系统活动。卫生部与教育部合作，开展创建无烟校园活动。此后，室内无烟场所的范围开始逐步扩大。

　　烟草控制写入了中国“十二五”规划中。一些直辖市和大城市已经通过了烟草控制地方性法规，卫生部也设立了戒烟咨询热线电话以推动戒烟。从四年前至现在，中国持续开展了烟草控制大众传播活动，发表了超过4万篇文章和新闻报道。这些活动极大地提高了大众对吸烟相关危害的认识。

　　美国政府也在进行同样的努力。2010年，美国卫生与公众服务部（HHS）发布了有史以来第一份国家烟草控制策略规划—《结束烟草流行》。这一策略规划的发布促动HHS和美国政府发起了一系列空前的活动，使得戒烟服务的可及性提高，工作人员对二手烟的暴露下降。

　　2011年7月，HHS把现有保护员工、合同工和访问者健康的无烟政策进一步扩大，禁止在HHS所有设施内及其附近的任何地方，包括附近的停车场和和私人车辆中使用任何烟草产品。美国人事管理办公室（负责美国政府部门人力资源相关事务）发布了新政策：从2011年起，把现有戒烟治疗服务保险扩大至所有现有和退休雇员以及他们的家属。除此以外，美国联邦政府也在针对公众的、全国烟草健康教育行动中投入了大量资源。今年早些时候，美国疾病预防控制中心启动了一个具有里程碑意义的国家广告运动，把同吸烟相关疾病的残酷现实呈现在大众眼前。这一运动使美国戒烟服务热线“1-800-戒烟-现在开始”增加了大约20万个咨询电话、戒烟网站smokefree.gov（帮助人们戒烟的一个联邦政府网站）多出了50万次访问。

　　而且，为接触到更多年轻人，HHS同美国学术机构的领导层合作，推动全国范围内无烟草或无烟校园数量的增加。“无烟高等校园行动”推动并支持全国大学、学院和其他高等专业教育机构实施无烟政策。

　　中美两国在烟草控制研究和烟草监测方面已有多年合作。最近，美国国立癌症研究所同中国相关研究机构合作，启动了九个同烟草相关的研究项目，关注烟草控制的不同方面：包括烟草控制的能力建设，城市和农村地区吸烟人群的不同行为风险因素，多民族人群烟草使用中的文化作用和烟草和癌症风险等。2010年，在同世界卫生组织的合作下，美国疾病预防控制中心同中国疾病预防控制中心2010年联合在中国开展了全球成人烟草调查，这是烟草监测中非常重要的工具。调查数据在中国卫生部近期发布的报告中有所体现。两国还希望明年在中国开展第一次全球青少年烟草调查，以了解年轻一代的想法和对烟草使用的看法。

　　我们认为中美创建无烟工作场所伙伴项目是两国加强在降低烟草危害方面进一步合作的关键一步。同我们之前的伙伴关系项目不同的是，这是一个多部门参与的公立、私立伙伴关系，包括了中美两国具有创建和支持无烟工作场所的卫生机构和具有实践经验的企业。在合作伙伴的帮助下，我们已经征集到了一些关键企业的参与，共同营造有利于控烟的社会氛围。这一项目将在接下来的一年时间中支持企业为创建无烟工作环境而努力。

在企业的帮助下，我们希望能大大减少二手烟暴露，提高公众对烟草危害的认知，并鼓励戒烟。我们相信这一项目不仅会使工作场所变得更健康，也会促使整个社会环境的改变。我们希望能共同努力，创建一个无烟世界。

The China-US Partnership on Smoke-free Workplaces

Dr. Huang Jiefu and Dr. Howard Koh

　　On September 7, 2012, the China-U.S. Smoke-free Workplace Initiative – a public-private partnership that is the next cooperative effort on tobacco control between the U.S. and China – launched in Beijing. The new initiative aims to expand the number of smoke and tobacco free worksites throughout China. This latest effort demonstrates China’s and the United States’ commitment to moving forward on one of the many goals of the recent United Nations High Level Meeting on Non-Communicable Diseases. That meeting identified non-communicable diseases, many of which are caused by tobacco use, as a major global health challenge.

　　Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death and disease in the U.S. and China, and it kills six million people each year worldwide. Of these deaths, 600,000 are due to second-hand smoke. Tobacco use is estimated to cause 443,000 deaths annually (including deaths from secondhand smoke) in the United States. In China, more than 1 million people die from tobacco use annually with 100,000 of those deaths coming from second-hand smoke.

　　China has made significant strides in tobacco control in recent years. Most recently China has been praised by the World Health Organization for the Ministry of Health’s release of the “China Report on the Health Hazards of Smoking.” This landmark report already has drawn attention to the severity of the tobacco situation in China, where more than one million people die from tobacco use each year. Earlier this year the “Say No to Forced Smoking” campaign, launched by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and web services corporation Baidu, drew significant attention to the 100,000 annual deaths caused by second-hand smoke in China.

　　Committed to reducing the devastating effects of tobacco use, China and the United States both have made progress toward enhanced tobacco control. China ratified the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2003 and enacted it in January 2006. Since then, health education campaigns have been carried out throughout China and relevant regulations have been revised in support of the FCTC goals. In 2009, the Ministry of Health (MOH), in collaboration with three other government partners, launched an initiative that establishes a tobacco-free health system. Working with the Ministry of Education, the MOH also established tobacco-free schools and, since then, smoke-free indoor spaces have gradually expanded.

　　Tobacco control was included in China’s 12th Five Year Plan. Some municipalities and big cities already have passed tobacco control legislation and the MOH also established a national hotline to promote smoking cessation. Since the launch four years ago of a continuous mass media campaign, more than 40,000 news stories on tobacco control have been published, which has greatly increased the public’s knowledge on the related harm of smoking.

　　A reinvigoration of national efforts has occurred in the U.S. as well. In 2010, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) unveiled its first-ever national strategic plan for tobacco control entitled, “Ending the Tobacco Epidemic.” The strategic plan already has led to an unprecedented set of actions throughout HHS and the U.S. government which, in turn, have increased access to tobacco cessation services while decreasing workers’ exposure to second-hand smoke.

　　In July 2011, HHS expanded its existing smoke-free policy to protect the health of its employees, contractors, and visitors by prohibiting the use of any tobacco product in or near all of its facilities, including in nearby parking lots and in private vehicles on the premises. The U.S. Office of Personnel Management, which is the human resources arm of the U.S. government, adopted a groundbreaking new policy: starting in 2011, it expanded tobacco cessation treatment coverage for all current and retired U.S. government employees and their dependents. In addition, the U.S. federal government is also making substantial investments in national tobacco education campaigns designed to engage the public. Earlier this year, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. CDC) launched a landmark national advertising campaign that depicted the harsh realities of tobacco related illness. The campaign generated more than 200,000 additional calls to the 1-800-QUIT-NOW portal that links callers to their state tobacco cessation quitlines and more than 500,000 additional visitors to smokefree.gov, a federal website that helps people quit smoking.

　　Furthermore, in an effort to reach young adults, HHS collaborated with leaders of U.S. academic institutions to increase the number of tobacco-or smoke-free campuses nationwide. The Tobacco-Free College Campus Initiative promotes and supports the adoption and implementation of tobacco-free policies at universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher learning.

　　Collectively, the U.S. and China have worked together on tobacco control research and tobacco surveillance for many years. Most recently, in collaboration with Chinese research institutions, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) initiated nine tobacco-related research grants in China to look at different aspects of tobacco control. Some of those aspects include capacity building for tobacco control; behavioral risk factors for smoking among rural versus urban populations; the role of culture in tobacco usage among multiethnic populations; and tobacco and cancer risk. In collaboration with the WHO, the U.S. CDC and China CDC in 2010 jointly conducted the most recent Global Adult Tobacco Survey in China, an important tool in tobacco surveillance. Data from this survey informed the most recent MOH tobacco report. The two countries hope to conduct the first Global Youth Tobacco Survey in China next year, which will provide insight into the younger generation’s perception and usage of tobacco.

　　We view the China-U.S. Smoke-free Workplace Initiative as an exciting next step to further our cooperative efforts to reduce tobacco harm. The CUSW is unique from our previous partnerships in that it is a multi-sectoral, public-private partnership that combines the health expertise of the Chinese and U.S. health agencies with the workplace experience of businesses to create and support smoke-free workspaces. With help from our partners, we already have key businesses that have joined the initiative and are helping to make a positive change. The CUSW Initiative will support companies as they take steps to go smoke-free during the next year.